Metadata Linkage ★★★★★

Metadata records generally live in federated systems where metadata are harvested from catalogue to catalogue or collected from remote sources by other means. This can lead to confusion since through the harvesting and collection processes, different versions of the same metadata may co-exist. It is useful that a metadata record contains a link to the source metadata so that a point of truth version can be determined.


Element Name	metadataLinkage
Parent	MD_Metadata
Class/Type	CI_OnlineResource
Governance	Common ICSM
Purpose	Linkage, Identification
Audience	machine resource - ⭑ ⭑ ⭑
	general - ⭑ ⭑
	resource manager - ⭑ ⭑ ⭑ ⭑
	specialist - ⭑ ⭑ ⭑
Metadata type	administrative
ICSM Level of Agreement	⭑ ⭑ ⭑ ⭑

Definition

Allows unambiguous specification of the online location where the metadata is available.

ISO Obligation

There should be zero to many [0..*] metadataLinkage elements for the cited resource in the MD_Metadata package of class CI_OnlineResource in a metadata record.

Discussion

The most common use of metadataLinkage is to record a “point of truth” location of the source authoritative metadata record. It is in the nature of metadata to be highly distributed. This is commonly done through federated systems that harvest (or otherwise collect) metadata from other sources. Sometimes this process gets out of sync. Sometimes the metadata is modified in the process. In order to retain an authoritative understanding of a metadata record, it is useful to provide a linkage to the source as a reference.

Alternatively, metadataLinkage may be used to record the location of the metadata in its current catalogue. The Description field should be used to indicate if this differs from other instances of the metadata record that may reside elsewhere. However, if alternate versions are not in ISO19115-1 format, such locations should be captured in alternativeMetadataReference.

The use of this field to hold the local of the metadata record in the local catalogue could be better accomplished through the options provided in metadataIdentifier.

Best Practice Recommendations

Therefore - there should be a “point of truth” url to a metadata record provided under metadataLinkage. Alternatively, this could be the full path to this metadata record. There may be multiple endpoints containing copies of this metadata record, one captured with the description of “Point of Truth URL for this metadata record” is recommended. All metadataLinkage elements should have a function code of “Complete Metadata”.

As for multiple locations for the same metadata, it is useful to look at MD_Metadata/alternativeMetadataReference. This allows pointers to metadata for the same resource that may be in multiple schemas. (ISO def - “reference to alternative metadata, e.g Dublin Core, FGDC, or metadata in a non-ISO standard for the same resource”) Of course, this does not suggest that it be used for different versions of the metadata in the same standard, but perhaps at least different profiles?

Recommended Sub-Elements

Follow the general guidance for class - CI_OnlineResource with the following additional guidance:

description - (type - charStr) [0..1] when metadataLinkage is used as a “point of truth” location of the authoritative metadata, use this field to indicate this.
function - (codelist - CI_OnlineFunctionCode) [0..1] This should be populated with the value “completeMetadata”.

Also Consider

onlineResource - (MD_Distribution.transferOptions>MD_DigitalTransferOptions.online) is used to provide online linkage to the resource
MetadataIdentifier - is the preferred element to be used to provide linkage to the metadata record
alternativeMetadataReference - (class - CI_Citation)[0..*] Page 37 - ISO 19115.1:2015 - reference to alternative metadata, e.g Dublin Core, FGDC, or metadata in a non-ISO standard for the same resource
class - CI_OnlineResource - provides a standardised way of collecting links to online resources

Outstanding Issues

Point of Truth Issue: The use of a standardised term for “point of truth” has been suggested. While this could be applied to the description element it could be placed elsewhere such as an expanded CI_OnlineFunctionCode codelist

Crosswalk considerations

ISO19139

As this is a new element to allow unambiguous specification of the online location where the metadata is available, there are no reliable elements to crosswalk.

Dublin core / CKAN / data.gov.au

In Dublin Core, the identifier element is described as holding a reference to the resource (not the metadata). However, in the case of metadata records harvested by a higher level CKAN like catalogue, we view the complete metadata record as the resource. It is also a standard practice that the DC Identifier field to be resolvable. For a Dublin Core metadata record harvested via CSW from an ISO 19115-1 record, it is important that that record links to something that can be dereferenced. That something is held in the identifier field and should be the location URL/URI for the metadata. IF the ISO 19115-1 identifier element is only an unresolvable UUID, the metadataLinkage element may be a better choice to populate the DC Identifier field.

DCAT

May map to dct:identifier if metadataIdentifier is unresolvable

RIF-CS

May map to Key Identifier if metadataIdentifier is unresolvable

Examples

XML

<mdb:MD_Metadata>
....
 <mdb:metadataLinkage>
  <cit:CI_OnlineResource>
   <cit:linkage>
    <gco:CharacterString>
    http://geodata.nz/geonetwork/srv/eng/metadata/
    314eb989-3771-4c24-a399-d22631973279
    </gco:CharacterString>
   </cit:linkage>
   <cit:description>
    <gco:CharacterString>Point of truth URL of this metadata record
    </gco:CharacterString>
   </cit:description>
   <cit:function>
    <cit:CI_OnLineFunctionCode 
    codeList="https://schemas.isotc211.org/19115/resources/Codelist/cat
    /codelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="completeMetadata"/>
   </cit:function>
  </cit:CI_OnlineResource>
 </mdb:metadataLinkage>
....
</mdb:MD_Metadata>

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UML diagrams

Recommended elements highlighted in yellow

MDLinkage

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